Kugadzira maSuperalloys
(1) Hunhu hweBrazing ma superalloys anogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: nickel base, iron base uye cobalt base. Ane hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, oxidation resistance uye corrosion resistance pakupisa kwakanyanya. Nickel base alloy ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu.
Superalloy ine Cr yakawanda, uye Cr2O3 oxide film iyo yakaoma kubvisa inoumbwa pamusoro panguva yekupisa. Nickel base superalloys ine Al neTi, izvo zviri nyore kuoxidation kana yapiswa. Saka, kudzivirira kana kuderedza oxidation ye superalloys panguva yekupisa uye kubvisa oxide film ndiro dambudziko guru panguva yekupisa. Sezvo borax kana boric acid mu flux inogona kukonzera ngura ye base metal pakupisa kwe brazing, boron inoputika mushure mekuita inogona kupinda mu base metal, zvichikonzera kupinda mukati me granular. Kune cast nickel base alloys ine Al neTi yakawanda, vacuum degree mu hot state haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe 10-2 ~ 10-3pa panguva yekupisa kudzivirira oxidation pamusoro pe alloy panguva yekupisa.
Kuti zvive zvakagadziriswa mhinduro uye zvakagadziriswa nickel base alloys, tembiricha yekubikisa inofanira kuenderana netembiricha yekupisa yekurapa mhinduro kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zve alloy zvanyungudika zvizere. Tembiricha yekubikisa yakaderera zvakanyanya, uye zvinhu zve alloy hazvigone kunyungudika zvachose; Kana tembiricha yekubikisa yakanyanya, tsanga yesimbi yebase ichakura, uye hunhu hwezvinhu hahuzodzoreki kunyangwe mushure mekupisa. Tembiricha yakasimba ye cast base alloys yakakwira, izvo kazhinji hazvizokanganisi hunhu hwezvinhu nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kwekubikisa.
Mamwe ma superalloy e nickel base, kunyanya ma alloys akasimbiswa nemvura, ane katsika kekupwanya kushushikana. Brazing isati yatanga, kushushikana kunoitika panguva iyi kunofanira kubviswa zvizere, uye kushushikana kwekupisa kunofanira kuderedzwa panguva ye brazing.
(2) Brazing material nickel base alloy inogona kuputirwa nesirivha, mhangura yakachena, nickel base uye active solder. Kana tembiricha yekushanda kwejointi isiri yakakwira, zvinhu zvesirivha zvinogona kushandiswa. Kune mhando dzakawanda dze silver based solders. Kuti uderedze kushushikana kwemukati panguva yekupisa brazing, zvakanakisisa kusarudza solder ine tembiricha yakaderera yekunyunguduka. Fb101 flux inogona kushandiswa brazing nesirivha base filler metal. Fb102 flux inoshandiswa brazing precipitation strengthenized superalloy ine aluminium yakawanda, uye 10% ~ 20% sodium silicate kana aluminium flux (senge fb201) inowedzerwa. Kana tembiricha yebrazing ikadarika 900 ℃, fb105 flux inofanira kusarudzwa.
Pakuputira mumhepo inodzivirira kana kuti mumhepo ine vacuum, mhangura yakachena inogona kushandiswa sesimbi inozadza simbi. Kupisa kwekubikira kuri 1100 ~ 1150 ℃, uye pfundo harizoparadze kushushikana, asi tembiricha yekushanda haifanirwe kudarika 400 ℃.
Simbi yeNickel base brazing filler ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa muSuperalloys nekuda kwekushanda kwayo zvakanaka pakupisa kwepamusoro uye kusapwanyika panguva yekubatidza. Zvinhu zvikuru zvealloy mu nickel base solder ndiCr, Si, B, uye solder shoma inewo Fe, W, nezvimwewo. Kana ichienzaniswa neni-cr-si-b, b-ni68crwb brazing filler metal inogona kuderedza kupinda kweB mukati mesimbi yebase uye kuwedzera nguva yekunyunguduka. Isimbi yebrazing filler yekuisa zvikamu zvekushanda zvinopisa zvakanyanya uye turbine blades. Zvisinei, kuyerera kwe solder ine W kunowedzera kuipa uye nzvimbo yejointi inonetsa kudzora.
Simbi inoshanda yekuputira simbi haina chinhu cheSi uye ine resistance yakanaka yekuputira simbi uye yekuputira simbi. Tembiricha yekuputira inogona kusarudzwa kubva pa1150 ℃ kusvika 1218 ℃ zvichienderana nerudzi rwesolder. Mushure mekuputira simbi, simbi ine hunhu hwakafanana nesimbi yepasi inogona kuwanikwa mushure mekurapwa kwekuputira simbi pa1066 ℃.
(3) Brazing process nickel base alloy inogona kushandisa brazing mumoto wekudzivirira mhepo, vacuum brazing uye transient liquid phase connection. Usati waisa brazing, pamusoro payo panofanira kubviswa mafuta uye oxide yobviswa ne sandpaper polishing, felt wheel polishing, acetone scrubbing uye chemical cleaning. Pakusarudza brazing process parameters, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti tembiricha yekupisa haifanirwe kunge yakanyanya uye nguva yekuisa brazing inofanira kunge iri pfupi kudzivirira makemikari akasimba pakati pe flux ne base metal. Kuti simbi yebase isatsemuke, zvikamu zvinotonhora zvinogadziriswa zvinofanira kuderedzwa stress isati yaiswa welding, uye welding heating inofanira kunge yakafanana sezvinobvira. Kune precipitation strengthenized superalloys, zvikamu zvinofanirwa kutanga zvagadziriswa solid solution treatment, zvozoiswa brazing patembiricha yakakwira zvishoma pane age strength treatment, uye pakupedzisira age treatment.
1) Kuisa simbi muchoto chekudzivirira Kuisa simbi muchoto chekudzivirira kunoda kuchena kwakanyanya kwegasi rekudzivirira. Kune superalloys dzine w (AL) uye w (TI) pasi pe0.5%, dova rinofanira kunge rakaderera pane -54 ℃ kana hydrogen kana argon ikashandiswa. Kana huwandu hweAl neTi hukawedzera, pamusoro pealloy hunoramba huchichinja kana huchipiswa. Matanho anotevera anofanira kutorwa; Wedzera huwandu hushoma hweflux (senge fb105) uye bvisa oxide film neflux; 0.025 ~ 0.038mm gobvu coating inoputirwa pamusoro pezvikamu; Pfapfaidza solder pamusoro pechinhu chinofanira kuisirwa simbi pachine nguva; Wedzera huwandu hushoma hwegasi, senge boron trifluoride.
2) Kushandiswa kwevacuum brazing kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuti pave nekudzivirira kuri nani uye kunaka kwebrazing. Ona tafura 15 yehunhu hwemakanika ekubatanidza ma nickel base superalloy. Kune ma superalloys ane w (AL) uye w (TI) ari pasi pe4%, zviri nani kuisa electroplate layer ye 0.01 ~ 0.015mm nickel pamusoro, kunyangwe kunyorovesa kwe solder kuchigona kuvimbiswa pasina kurapwa kwakakosha. Kana w (AL) uye w (TI) zvapfuura 4%, ukobvu hwe nickel coating hunofanira kuva 0.020.03mm. Kushandiswa kwe vacuum brazing kwakatetepa hakuna dziviriro, uye kudhonza kwakakora kunoderedza simba rejoint. Zvikamu zvinosungirirwa zvinogonawo kuiswa mubhokisi kuti zvishandiswe kudhonza vacuum. Bhokisi rinofanira kuzadzwa ne getter. Semuenzaniso, Zr inonwisa gasi pakupisa kwakanyanya, iyo inogona kugadzira vacuum yemubhokisi, nokudaro ichidzivirira oxidation ye alloy surface.
Tafura 15 hunhu hwemakanika eVacuum Brazed Joints emhando yepamusoro yenickel base superalloys
Kuumbwa kwechinhu chidiki uye simba rejoini yakasungirirwa yeSuperalloy zvinoshanduka negomba rejoini, uye kurapwa kwekupararira mushure mekusungirirwa kuchawedzera kukosha kwakanyanya kunobvumidzwa kwegomba rejoini. Tichitora Inconel alloy semuenzaniso, gonhi guru rejoini yakasungirirwa neb-ni82crsib rinogona kusvika 90um mushure mekurapa kwekupararira pa1000 ℃ kwe1H; Zvisinei, kune majoini akasungirirwa neb-ni71crsib, gonhi guru rinenge 50um mushure mekurapa kwekupararira pa1000 ℃ kwe1H.
3) Kubatana kwechikamu chemvura chinogara kwenguva pfupi. Kubatana kwechikamu chemvura chinogara kwenguva pfupi kunoshandisa interlayer alloy (inenge 2.5 ~ 100um gobvu) ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakaderera pane base metal se filler metal. Pasi pekumanikidzwa kudiki (0 ~ 0.007mpa) uye tembiricha yakakodzera (1100 ~ 1250 ℃), interlayer midziyo inotanga yanyunguduka uye yonyorovesa base metal. Nekuda kwekupararira nekukurumidza kwezvinhu, isothermal solidification inoitika pajointi kuti igadzire jointi. Nzira iyi inoderedza zvakanyanya zvinodiwa zvinoenderana ne base metal surface uye inoderedza welding pressure. Zvikamu zvikuru zve transient liquid phase connection i pressure, tembiricha, nguva yekubata uye kuumbwa kwe interlayer. Isa pressure shoma kuti uchengetedze mating surface ye weldment iri mukubatana kwakanaka. Heating tembiricha nenguva zvine simba guru pakushanda kwejointi. Kana chisungo chichidiwa kuti chive chakasimba sesimbi yesimbi uye chisingakanganisi mashandiro esimbi yesimbi, zvinofanirwa kushandiswa pakubatanidza zvinhu zvekupisa kwakanyanya (senge ≥ 1150 ℃) uye nguva yakareba (senge 8 ~ 24h). Kana hunhu hwekubatanidza chisungo hwadzikira kana kuti simbi yesimbi isingakwanise kumira kupisa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakaderera (1100 ~ 1150 ℃) uye nguva pfupi (1 ~ 8h) inofanira kushandiswa. Chisungo chepakati chinofanira kutora chisungo chesimbi yesimbi yakabatana sechinhu chekutanga, uye kuwedzera zvinhu zvakasiyana zvekutonhodza, zvakaita seB, Si, Mn, Nb, nezvimwewo. Semuenzaniso, chisungo cheUdimet alloy ndi-15cr-18.5co-4.3al-3.3ti-5mo, uye chisungo chepakati chekubatanidza kwechikamu chemvura chenguva pfupi ndeche b-ni62.5cr15co15mo5b2.5. Zvinhu izvi zvese zvinogona kuderedza tembiricha yekunyunguduka kweNi Cr kana Ni Cr Co alloys kusvika pakaderera, asi mhedzisiro yeB ndiyo inonyanya kuoneka. Pamusoro pezvo, mwero wepamusoro wekupararira kweB unogona kukurumidza kuita kuti interlayer alloy ne base metal zvive zvakafanana.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-13-2022