Kushongedza kwesimbi isina ngura

Kushongedza kwesimbi isina ngura

1. Kugona kusimba

Dambudziko guru mukubatidza simbi isina tsvina nderekuti firimu re oxide riri pamusoro rinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunyorovesa nekupararira kwe solder. Simbi dzakasiyana-siyana dzisina tsvina dzine huwandu hwakawanda hweCr, uye dzimwe dzinewo Ni, Ti, Mn, Mo, Nb nezvimwe zvinhu, zvinogona kuumba ma oxide akasiyana-siyana kana kunyange ma oxide akabatanidzwa pamusoro. Pakati pawo, ma oxide eCr2O3 neTiO2 eCr neTi akasimba uye akaoma kubvisa. Pakubatidza mumhepo, active flux inofanira kushandiswa kuabvisa; Pakubatidza mumhepo inodzivirira, firimu re oxide rinogona kuderedzwa chete mumhepo yakachena ine dova rakaderera uye tembiricha yakakwira zvakakwana; Pakubatidza simbi isina tsvina, zvakakosha kuva ne vacuum yakakwana uye tembiricha yakakwana kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka yekubatidza.

Rimwe dambudziko rekubatidza simbi isina tsvina nderekuti tembiricha yekupisa ine mhedzisiro yakakomba pachimiro chesimbi yepasi. Tembiricha yekupisa yesimbi isina tsvina yeaustenitic haifanirwe kunge yakakwira kupfuura 1150 ℃, zvikasadaro tsanga ichakura zvakanyanya; Kana simbi isina tsvina yeaustenitic isina chinhu chakagadzikana Ti kana Nb uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni, kubatidza mukati metembiricha yekudzivirira (500 ~ 850 ℃) kunofanirawo kudzivirirwa. Kudzivirira kuramba kwengura kudzikira nekuda kwekunaya kwechromium carbide. Kusarudzwa kwetembiricha yekubikira yesimbi isina tsvina yemartensitic kwakaoma. Imwe ndeyekuenzanisa tembiricha yekubikira netembiricha yekudzimisa, kuitira kuti ubatanidze maitiro ekubatidza nemaitiro ekupisa; Imwe ndeyekuti tembiricha yekubikira inofanira kunge yakaderera pane tembiricha yekupisa kudzivirira simbi yepasi kuti isanyorove panguva yekubatidza. Nheyo yekusarudza tembiricha yekubikira yesimbi isina tsvina yeprecipitation yakafanana neyesimbi isina tsvina yemartensitic, kureva kuti, tembiricha yekubikira inofanira kuenderana nesystem yekurapa kupisa kuti iwane hunhu hwakanakisa hwemakanika.

Pamusoro pematambudziko maviri makuru ari pamusoro apa, pane katsika kekupwanyika kwekushushikana kana uchigadzira simbi isina tsvina ye austenitic, kunyanya kana uchigadzira simbi ine copper zinc filler. Kuti usapwanye nekushushikana, workpiece inofanira kubviswa kushushikana isati yagadzirwa, uye workpiece inofanira kupiswa zvakaenzana panguva yekuputira.

2. Zvinhu zvesimbi

(1) Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa simbi dzisina ngura, simbi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzira simbi dzisina ngura dzinosanganisira simbi yeTin Lead brazing filler, simbi yesirivha brazing filler, simbi yemhangura based brazing filler, simbi yemanganese based brazing filler, simbi yenickel based brazing filler uye simbi inokosha yesimbi.

Muchina wesimbi unonyanya kushandiswa pakusonesa simbi isina tsvina, uye wakakodzera kuva nesimbi yakawanda. Kana muchina wesimbi wakakwira, kunyorova kwawo kuri nani pasimbi isina tsvina. Simba rekuchekwa kwemajoini esimbi isina tsvina e1Cr18Ni9Ti akasoneswa nesimbi dzakawanda dzinosoneswa nesimbi dzakafanana zvakanyorwa muTafura 3. Nekuda kwesimba diki remajoini, anoshandiswa chete pazvikamu zvesimbi zvine simba diki rekutakura.

Tafura 3 ine simba rekuchekerera re1Cr18Ni9Ti simbi isina ngura yakashongedzwa nesimbi inosungirirwa netin lead

Simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzine sirivha ndidzo dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzisina ngura. Pakati padzo, simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzine sirivha, zinc, uye zinc, cadmium, dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzine ngura. Simba resimbi dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzine ngura dzeICr18Ni9Ti dzakasungirirwa nesimbi dzakawanda dzine ngura dzesirivha dzakanyorwa muTafura 4. Simbi dzisina ngura dzakasungirirwa nesimbi dzine ngura dzesirivha hadziwanzo shandiswa muzvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya, uye tembiricha yekushanda kwemajoini kazhinji haipfuure 300 ℃. Pakuvhara simbi isina ngura isina nickel, kudzivirira ngura yesimbi dzine ngura munzvimbo ine hunyoro, simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzine nickel yakawanda dzinofanira kushandiswa, senge b-ag50cuzncdni. Pakuvhara simbi isina ngura yemartensitic, kudzivirira kupfava kwesimbi dzine ngura, simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuzadza simbi dzine ngura dzisingapfuure 650 ℃ dzinofanira kushandiswa, senge b-ag40cuzncd. Pakuputira simbi isina ngura munzvimbo inodzivirira, kuti ibvise oxide film pamusoro, lithium ine self brazing flux inogona kushandiswa, senge b-ag92culi uye b-ag72culi. Pakuputira simbi isina ngura mu vacuum, kuti filler metal irambe iine wettability yakanaka kana isina zvinhu zvakaita seZn neCD zviri nyore kupwanyika, silver filler metal ine zvinhu zvakaita seMn, Ni neRD inogona kusarudzwa.

Tafura 4 ine simba reICr18Ni9Ti simbi isina ngura yakabatanidzwa nesimbi yesirivha inozadza

Simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuputira simbi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinonyanya kushandiswa mukubikisa simbi dzemhangura, nickel yemhangura uye copper manganese cobalt brazing filler. Simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuputira simbi dzemhangura dzakachena dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuputira simbi pasi pegasi kana vacuum. Tembiricha yekushanda yesimbi isina tsvina haisi kupfuura 400 ℃, asi joint haina simba re oxidation. Simbi dzinoshandiswa pakuputira simbi dzemhangura dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuputira simbi dzemoto uye kubaya simbi. Simba rejoint yesimbi isina tsvina ye1Cr18Ni9Ti yakaputirwa rinoratidzwa muTafura 5. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti joint ine simba rakafanana nesimbi yepasi, uye tembiricha yekushanda yakakwira. Cu Mn co brazing filler metal inonyanya kushandiswa pakuputira simbi isina tsvina yemartensitic mumhepo inodzivirira. Simba rejoint uye tembiricha yekushanda zvakafanana neaya akaputirwa nesimbi yegoridhe. Semuenzaniso, joint yesimbi isina tsvina ye1Cr13 yakaputirwa ne b-cu58mnco solder ine mashandiro akafanana nejoint yesimbi isina tsvina yakaputirwa ne b-au82ni solder (ona Tafura 6), asi mutengo wekugadzira wakaderera zvikuru.

Tafura 5 ine simba rekuchekerera resimbi isina ngura ye1Cr18Ni9Ti, yakashongedzwa nesimbi yekuzadza yemhangura inopisa zvakanyanya.

Tafura 6 ine simba rekuchekerera resimbi isina tsvina ye1Cr13

Simbi dzinoshandisa manganese brazing filler dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuputira gasi, uye kuchena kwegasi kunodiwa kuti kuve kwakanyanya. Kuti simbi yesimbi isakure, simbi inoenderana nebrazing filler ine tembiricha iri pasi pe1150 ℃ inofanira kusarudzwa. Mhedzisiro inogutsa yebrazing inogona kuwanikwa pamajoini esimbi isina ngura akaputirwa ne manganese based solder, sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 7. Tembiricha yekushanda kwejoini inogona kusvika 600 ℃.

Tafura 7 ine simba rekuchekerera resimbi isina ngura yelcr18ni9fi yakasungirirwa nesimbi yekuzadza yakavakirwa pamanganese

Kana simbi isina ngura yakashongedzwa nesimbi ye nickel base filler, jira racho rinoshanda zvakanaka pakupisa kwakanyanya. Iyi simbi yekuzadza inowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira jira rakadzivirirwa negesi kana kuti vacuum brazing. Kuti dambudziko rekuti mamwe macompounds anoputika anogadzirwa mujira rakasungirirwa panguva yekuumbwa kwejira, izvo zvinoderedza simba uye plasticity yejira racho, mukaha wejoin unofanira kuderedzwa kuitira kuti zvinhu zviri nyore kugadzira brittle phase mu solder zvipararire zvizere musimbi yechigadziko. Kuti zvidzivise kukura kwesimbi yechigadziko nekuda kwenguva refu yekubata pakupisa kwejira, matanho ekubata kwenguva pfupi uye kurapwa kwekuparadzira pakupisa kwakaderera (zvichienzaniswa nekupisa kwejira) mushure mekushongedza anogona kutorwa.

Simbi dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa pakushongedza simbi dzisina ngura dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakushongedza simbi dzisina ngura dzinosanganisira simbi dzegoridhe nesimbi dzine palladium dzine simbi dzisina ngura, idzo dzinonyanya kushandiswa dziri b-au82ni, b-ag54cupd uye b-au82ni, dzine hunyoro hwakanaka. Simbi isina ngura ine simba rekupisa kwakanyanya uye inodzivirira kuoxidation, uye tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda inogona kusvika 800 ℃. B-ag54cupd ine hunhu hwakafanana neb-au82ni uye mutengo wayo wakaderera, saka inowanzo kutsiva b-au82ni.

(2) Pamusoro pesimbi isina ngura mumhepo inoyerera uye yefurnace pane ma oxide akadai seCr2O3 neTiO2, ayo anogona kubviswa chete nekushandisa flux ine simba rakawanda. Kana simbi isina ngura yakaputirwa ne tin lead solder, flux yakakodzera i phosphoric acid aqueous solution kana zinc oxide hydrochloric acid solution. Nguva yekushanda ye phosphoric acid aqueous solution ipfupi, saka nzira yekukurumidza kupisa inofanira kushandiswa. Fb102, fb103 kana fb104 fluxes dzinogona kushandiswa pakuputira simbi isina ngura nesirivha. Pakuputira simbi isina ngura ne copper based filler metal, fb105 flux inoshandiswa nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kwe brazing.

Pakuputira simbi isina ngura muchoto, mhepo inoputika kana mhepo inodzivirira yakaita sehydrogen, argon uye ammonia inoora inowanzo shandiswa. Panguva yekuputira simbi inoputika, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo inoputika kunofanira kunge kwakaderera pane 10-2Pa. Pakuputira simbi mumhepo inodzivirira, dova remhepo harifanirwe kunge rakakwira kupfuura -40 ℃ Kana kuchena kwegesi kusina kukwana kana tembiricha yemhepo isina kukwirira, huwandu hushoma hwemhepo inoputika, senge boron trifluoride, hunogona kuwedzerwa mumhepo.

2. Tekinoroji yekuisa mabrazing

Simbi isina ngura inofanira kucheneswa zvakanyanya usati waisa simbi kuti ibvise mafuta nemafuta. Zviri nani kuisa simbi nekukurumidza mushure mekuchenesa.

Kuisa simbi isina ngura kunogona kushandisa nzira dzekupisa dzemurazvo, induction uye oven. Choto chekuisa simbi muchoto chinofanira kunge chine sisitimu yakanaka yekudzora tembiricha (kutsauka kwetembiricha yekuisa simbi kunofanirwa kunge kuri ± 6 ℃) uye kunogona kutonhodzwa nekukurumidza. Kana hydrogen ikashandiswa segasi rekudzivirira kupisa, zvinodiwa zvehydrogen zvinoenderana netembiricha yekuisa simbi uye maumbirwo esimbi yebase, ndiko kuti, tembiricha yekuisa simbi yakaderera, simbi yebase ine stabilizer yakawanda, uye dew point yehydrogen yakaderera. Semuenzaniso, kune martensitic stainless steels dzakadai se1Cr13 necr17ni2t, kana brazing pa1000 ℃, dew point yehydrogen inofanirwa kunge yakaderera pane -40 ℃; Kune 18-8 chromium nickel stainless steel isina stabilizer, dew point yehydrogen inofanira kunge yakaderera pane 25 ℃ panguva yekuisa simbi pa1150 ℃; Zvisinei, pasimbi isina ngura ye1Cr18Ni9Ti ine titanium stabilizer, hydrogen dew point inofanira kunge yakaderera pane -40 ℃ kana ichishandiswa pakupisa pa1150 ℃. Pakuiswa pasimbi ine argon protection, kuchena kweargon kunofanirwa kunge kwakakwira. Kana mhangura kana nickel yakafukidzwa pamusoro pesimbi isina ngura, zvinodiwa kuti gasi ridzivirire kuchena zvinogona kuderedzwa. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti oxide film yabviswa pamusoro pesimbi isina ngura, BF3 gas flux inogonawo kuwedzerwa, uye lithium kana boron ine self flux solder inogonawo kushandiswa. Pakuisa pasimbi isina ngura, zvinodiwa kuti vacuum degree ienderane nekupisa kwebrazing. Nekuwedzera kwekupisa kwebrazing, vacuum inodiwa inogona kuderedzwa.

Maitiro makuru esimbi isina ngura mushure mekuputira ndeyekuchenesa mvura inoyerera uye inhibitor yekuyerera kwemvura inosara, uye kuita kurapwa kwekupisa mushure mekuputira kana zvichidikanwa. Zvichienderana nenzira inoshandiswa pakuputira uye kuputira, mvura inoyerera inogona kugezwa nemvura, kucheneswa nemashini kana kucheneswa nemakemikari. Kana abrasive ikashandiswa kuchenesa flux inosara kana oxide film munzvimbo inopisa iri pedyo nejoinhi, jecha kana zvimwe zvimedu zvidiki zvisiri zvesimbi zvinofanira kushandiswa. Zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi isina ngura yemartensitic uye precipitation hardening stainless steel zvinoda kurapwa kwekupisa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvechinhu chacho mushure mekuputira. Majoinhi esimbi isina ngura akaputirwa nesimbi dzeNi Cr B neNi Cr Si dzinowanzo gadziriswa ne diffusion heat therapy mushure mekuputira kuderedza zvinodiwa zvekuputira uye kuvandudza microstructure uye hunhu hwemajoinhi.