Kushongedza simbi nesimbi nesimbi

1. Kugona kusimba

Zvakaoma kuputira zvinhu zve ceramic ne ceramic, ceramic nesimbi. Zvizhinji zve solder zvinoumba bhora pamusoro pe ceramic, nekunyorovesa kushoma kana kusina. Simbi ye brazing filler inogona kunyorovesa ceramics iri nyore kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dze brittle compounds (dzakadai se carbides, silicides uye ternary kana multivariate compounds) panzvimbo ye joint panguva ye brazing. Kuvapo kwemakemikari aya kunokanganisa hunhu hwe mechanical ye joint. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru we thermal expansion coefficients pakati pe ceramic, simbi ne solder, pachava nekushushikana kwakasara mu joint mushure mekunge tembiricha ye brazing yatonhodzwa kusvika patembiricha yemumba, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutsemuka kwejoint.

Kunyorova kwechinhu chinonyungudutsa pamusoro peceramic kunogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera zvinhu zvesimbi zvinoshanda kune chinhu chinonyungudutsa chakajairika; Kupisa kwakaderera uye kuputira kwenguva pfupi zvinogona kuderedza mhedzisiro yekubatana; Kushushikana kwekupisa kwechinhu chinonyungudutsa kunogona kuderedzwa nekugadzira fomu yakakodzera yechinhu chinonyungudutsa uye kushandisa simbi imwe chete kana yakawanda sechikamu chepakati.

2. Solder

Ceramic nesimbi zvinowanzobatanidzwa mu vacuum furnace kana hydrogen ne argon furnace. Kuwedzera kune hunhu hwakajairika, brazing filler metals dze vacuum electronic devices dzinofanirawo kuva nezvimwe zvinodiwa zvakakosha. Semuenzaniso, solder haifanirwe kunge iine zvinhu zvinoburitsa high vapor pressure, kuitira kuti isakonzere dielectric leak uye cathode poisoning yemidziyo. Kazhinji zvinotsanangurwa kuti kana mudziyo uchishanda, vapor pressure ye solder haifanirwe kudarika 10-3pa, uye high vapor pressure yakawanikwa haifanirwe kudarika 0.002% ~ 0.005%; W (o) ye solder haifanirwe kudarika 0.001%, kuitira kudzivirira water vapor inogadzirwa panguva ye brazing mu hydrogen, izvo zvinogona kukonzera splashing ye mold solder metal; Pamusoro pezvo, solder inofanira kunge yakachena uye isina surface oxides.

Pakushongedza simbi mushure mekugadzira simbi dzeceramic, mhangura, hwaro, mhangura yesirivha, mhangura yegoridhe nedzimwe simbi dzekuzadza simbi dze alloy brazing dzinogona kushandiswa.

Pakushongedza zvakananga zveceramics nesimbi, simbi dzinosanganisa brazing filler dzine zvinhu zvinoshanda Ti neZr dzinofanira kusarudzwa. Simbi dzinosanganisa binary filler dzinosanganisira Ti Cu neTi Ni, dzinogona kushandiswa pa1100 ℃. Pakati pe ternary solder, Ag Cu Ti (W) (TI) ndiyo solder inonyanya kushandiswa, inogona kushandiswa pakushongedza zvakananga zveceramics nesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana. Simbi inosanganisa ternary filler inogona kushandiswa nefoil, powder kana Ag Cu eutectic filler metal ine Ti powder. B-ti49be2 brazing filler metal ine corrosion resistance yakafanana nesimbi isina ngura uye low vapor pressure. Inogona kusarudzwa zviri nani muma vacuum sealing joints ane oxidation uye leak resistance. Mu ti-v-cr solder, melting tembiricha ndiyo yakaderera (1620 ℃) ​​kana w (V) iri 30%, uye kuwedzerwa kweCr kunogona kuderedza tembiricha yekunyunguduka. B-ti47.5ta5 solder isina Cr yakashandiswa pakushongedza zvakananga kwealumina nemagnesium oxide, uye joint yayo inogona kushanda pa ambient tembiricha ye1000 ℃. Tafura 14 inoratidza active flux yekubatanidza zvakananga pakati peceramic nesimbi.

Tafura 14 simbi dzinoshanda dzekuzadza simbi dzeceramic nesimbi

2. Tekinoroji yekuisa mabrazing

Zvigadziko zvesimbi zvinogona kuputirwa mumhepo isina kuchena, hydrogen kana vacuum. Zvigadziko zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa pakuputira zvakananga zvigadziko zvesimbi pasina kuputira.

(1) Maitiro ekugadzira simbi ye ...

Chinangwa chekuchenesa pamusoro ndechekubvisa mavara emafuta, mavara edikita uye firimu reokisijeni pamusoro pesimbi yepasi. Zvikamu zvesimbi nesolder zvinofanira kutanga zvabviswa mafuta, uye firimu reokisijeni rinofanira kubviswa nekushambidzwa neasidhi kana alkali, zvogezwa nemvura inoyerera zvoomeswa. Zvikamu zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvinofanira kupiswa muchoto chevacuum kana hydrogen (nzira ye ion bombardment inogonawo kushandiswa) pakupisa kwakakodzera uye nenguva yekuchenesa pamusoro pezvikamu. Zvikamu zvakacheneswa hazvifanirwe kusangana nezvinhu zvine mafuta kana maoko asina chinhu. Zvinofanira kuiswa ipapo ipapo mukuita kunotevera kana mudryer. Hazvifanirwe kuratidzwa mumhepo kwenguva yakareba. Zvikamu zveceramic zvinofanira kucheneswa neacetone uye ultrasonic, zvogezwa nemvura inoyerera, uye pakupedzisira zvofashaidzwa kaviri nemvura yakabviswa ion kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu nguva imwe neimwe.

Kupenda nependi inzira inokosha yekupenda nesimbi yeceramic. Panguva yekupenda, inoiswa pamusoro pesimbi yeceramic kuti iomeswe nebhurashi kana muchina wekupenda nependi. Ukobvu hwependi yacho hunowanzova 30 ~ 60mm. Pendi yacho inowanzogadzirwa kubva muupfu hwesimbi chaiyo (dzimwe nguva metal oxide yakakodzera inowedzerwa) ine saizi yezvidimbu inosvika 1 ~ 5um uye organic adhesive.

Zvikamu zveceramic zvakanamirwa zvinotumirwa kuchoto chehydrogen uye zvinopiswa nehydrogen yakanyorova kana ammonia yakapwanyika pa1300 ~ 1500 ℃ kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu. Kune zvikamu zveceramic zvakaputirwa nemahydride, zvinofanirwa kupiswa kusvika pa900 ℃ kuti zviore mahydride uye zvinosangana nesimbi yakachena kana titanium (kana zirconium) inosara pamusoro peceramic kuti iwane simbi pamusoro peceramic.

Pachikamu chesimbi cheMo Mn, kuti chinyoroveswe nesimbi inosungirirwa, chikamu chenickel che1.4 ~ 5um chinofanira kuputirwa nemagetsi kana kuputirwa nechikamu chenickel powder. Kana tembiricha yekubikisa iri pasi pe1000 ℃, chikamu chenickel chinofanira kupiswa muchoto chehydrogen. Tembiricha yekubikisa nenguva ndeye1000 ℃ /15 ~ 20min.

Zvidimbu zvesimbi zvakagadziriswa, zvinofanirwa kuunganidzwa pamwechete nesimbi isina ngura kana graphite uye ceramic molds. Solder inofanira kuiswa pamajoini, uye workpiece inofanira kucheneswa panguva yese yekushanda, uye haifanirwe kubatwa nemaoko asina chinhu.

Kuisa simbi muchoto che argon, hydrogen kana vacuum. Kupisa kwekuisa simbi kunoenderana nesimbi inoisa simbi muchoto. Kuti zvisatsemuke zvikamu zveceramic, mwero wekutonhodza haufanirwe kunge wakanyanya kukurumidza. Pamusoro pezvo, kuisa simbi muchoto kunogonawo kushandisa imwe pressure (inenge 0.49 ~ 0.98mpa).

Pamusoro pekuongororwa kwemhando yepamusoro, ma weldments akasungirirwa anofanirawo kuongororwa nekupisa uye hunyanzvi hwemakanika. Zvikamu zvekuvhara zvemidziyo ye vacuum zvinofanirwawo kuongororwa nekubuda kwemvura zvichienderana nemitemo yakakodzera.

(2) Kuisa simbi zvakananga paunenge uchiisa simbi zvakananga (nzira yesimbi inoshanda), tanga wachenesa pamusoro pesimbi dzesimbi dzeceramic nedzesimbi, wobva wadzibatanidza. Kuti udzivise kuputika kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwakasiyana kwemafuta emidziyo yezvinhu, buffer layer (imwe kana kupfuura zvidimbu zvesimbi) inogona kutenderedzwa pakati pesimbi dzesimbi. Simbi yekuisa simbi inofanira kusungirirwa pakati pesimbi dzesimbi mbiri kana kuiswa panzvimbo apo mukaha unozadzwa nesimbi yekuisa simbi kusvika pazvinogoneka, uye ipapo kuisa simbi kunofanira kuitwa sekushandisa simbi yekuisa simbi yemhando yepamusoro.

Kana Ag Cu Ti solder ichishandiswa pakushongedza zvakananga, nzira yekushongedza vacuum inofanira kushandiswa. Kana dhigirii rekushongedza muchoto rasvika 2.7 × Tanga kupisa pa10-3pa, uye tembiricha inogona kukwira nekukurumidza panguva ino; Kana tembiricha iri pedyo nenzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwesolder, tembiricha inofanira kukwidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuitira kuti tembiricha yezvikamu zvese zvekushongedza ive yakafanana; Kana solder yanyunguduka, tembiricha inofanira kukwidzwa nekukurumidza kusvika patembiricha yekushongedza, uye nguva yekubata ichave 3 ~ 5min; Munguva yekutonhora, inofanira kutonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma isati yasvika 700 ℃, uye inogona kutonhodzwa zvakasikwa nechoto mushure me700 ℃.

Kana Ti Cu inoshanda solder yaiswa zvakananga, chimiro chesolder chinogona kuva Cu foil pamwe neTi powder kana Cu parts pamwe neTi foil, kana pamusoro peceramic inogona kuputirwa neTi powder pamwe neCu foil. Brazing isati yaitwa, zvikamu zvese zvesimbi zvinofanira kubviswa mweya ne vacuum. Tembiricha yekubvisa mweya yemhangura isina oxygen inofanira kuva 750 ~ 800 ℃, uye Ti, Nb, Ta, nezvimwewo inofanira kubviswa mweya pa900 ℃ kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Panguva ino, vacuum degree haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe6.7 × 10-3Pa. Panguva ye brazing, unganidza zvikamu zvinozobatanidzwa mu fixture, zvipise mu vacuum fire kusvika 900 ~ 1120 ℃, uye nguva yekubata i2 ~ 5min. Munguva yese ye brazing, vacuum degree haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe6.7 × 10-3Pa。

Iyo brazing process yeTi Ni nzira yakafanana neiyo yeTi Cu nzira, uye tembiricha yekudziya i900 ± 10 ℃.

(3) Nzira yeOxide brazing Nzira yeOxide brazing inzira yekuwana kubatana kwakavimbika nekushandisa girazi rinoumbwa nekunyunguduka kweoxide solder kuti ripinde muceramics uye rinyorovese pamusoro pesimbi. Rinogona kubatanidza ceramics neceramics uye ceramics nesimbi. Oxide brazing filler metals dzinonyanya kuumbwa neAl2O3, Cao, Bao neMgO. Nekuwedzera B2O3, Y2O3 uye ta2o3, brazing filler metals dzine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekunyunguduka uye linear expansion coefficients dzinogona kuwanikwa. Pamusoro pezvo, fluoride brazing filler metals dzine CaF2 neNaF sezvikamu zvikuru zvinogonawo kushandiswa kubatanidza ceramics nesimbi kuti pave nemajoini ane simba rakawanda uye anodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya.