Kushongedza simbi dzealuminium nealuminium alloys

1. Kugona kusimba

Hunhu hwekuputira hwearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu hwakaderera, kunyanya nekuti firimu reokisijeni riri pamusoro rinonetsa kubvisa. Aruminiyamu ine hukama hwakakura neokisijeni. Zviri nyore kugadzira firimu reokisijeni rakakora, rakagadzikana uye rakanyunguduka pamusoro peAl2O3. Panguva imwe chete, aruminiyamu ine magnesium inozogadzirawo firimu reokisijeni rakagadzikana kwazvo MgO. Dzinotadzisa zvakanyanya kunyorovesa nekupararira kwesolder. Uye dzakaoma kubvisa. Munguva yekuputira, maitiro ekuputira anogona kuitwa chete nekuyerera kwakakodzera.

Chechipiri, mashandiro esimbi yealuminium nearuminiyamu akaoma. Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu haina kusiyana zvakanyanya nesimbi inoshandiswa yesimbi yebrazing filler. Nzvimbo yekupisa inosarudzwa yesimbi yebrazing yakamanikana zvikuru. Kudzora tembiricha zvisina kunaka kuri nyore kukonzera kupisa zvakanyanya kana kutonyunguduka kwesimbi yekutanga, zvichiita kuti maitiro esimbi yebrazing aome. Mamwe maaruminiyamu akasimbiswa nekupisa anokonzerawo zvinhu zvinonyorovesa zvakaita sekukwegura zvakanyanya kana kunyorovesa nekuda kwekupisa kwesimbi yebrazing, izvo zvinoderedza hunhu hwemajoini ebrazing. Munguva yebrazing yemoto, zvakaoma kutonga tembiricha nekuti ruvara rwearuminiyamu alloy haruchinji panguva yekupisa, izvo zvinowedzerawo zvinodiwa padanho rekushanda kwemushandi.

Uyezve, kuramba kukora kwemajoini akaputirwa nearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu kunokanganiswa nyore nyore nesimbi dzinozadza uye dzinoyerera. Simba remagetsi rearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu rakasiyana zvikuru nerekuputirwa, izvo zvinoderedza kuramba kukora kwejoini, kunyanya kune joini yakapfava inoputirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, majoini mazhinji anoshandiswa pakuputirwa kwearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu ane ngura yakasimba. Kunyangwe akacheneswa mushure mekuputirwa, simba remajoini pakuramba kukora kwejoini harizobviswi zvachose.

2. Zvinhu zvesimbi

(1) Kusunga simbi dzealuminium nearuminiyamu inzira isingawanzo shandiswa, nekuti kuumbwa kwayo uye kugona kweelectrode kwesimbi yekuzadza simbi nesimbi yebase zvakasiyana zvikuru, izvo zviri nyore kukonzera ngura yemagetsi pajoini. Kusunga simbi kwakapfava kunonyanya kushandisa zinc based solder uye tin lead solder, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita solder ine tembiricha yakaderera (150 ~ 260 ℃), solder ine tembiricha yepakati (260 ~ 370 ℃) uye solder ine tembiricha yakakwira (370 ~ 430 ℃) zvichienderana netembiricha. Kana solder ine tin lead ikashandiswa uye mhangura kana nickel yaiswa pamusoro pearuminiyamu kuti isimbiswe, ngura pajoini inogona kudzivirirwa, kuitira kuti pave nekuramba ngura kwejoini.

Kuisa simbi dzealuminium nearuminiyamu muchina wesimbi kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya, zvakaita se filter guide, evaporator, radiator nezvimwe zvinhu. Simbi dzekuzadza dzakavakirwa paaruminiyamu chete ndidzo dzinogona kushandiswa kuisa simbi dzealuminium nearuminiyamu muchina wesimbi, pakati padzo simbi dzealuminium silicon filler ndidzo dzinonyanya kushandiswa. Huremu hwekushandiswa kwacho uye simba rekucheka kwemajoini esimbi dzakaiswa muchina wesimbi zvinoratidzwa muTafura 8 netafura 9 zvichiteerana. Zvisinei, nzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwesimbi iyi iri pedyo neyesimbi yepasi, saka tembiricha yekupisa inofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba uye nemazvo panguva yekuisa simbi kuti isanyanya kupisa kana kunyunguduka.

Tafura 8 chiyero chekushandiswa kwesimbi dzekuzadza simbi dzealuminium nealuminium alloys

Tafura 9 ine simba rekuchekerera kwearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu alloy joints dzakarukwa nesimbi dzealuminium silicon filler.

Aluminium silicon solder inowanzo pihwa muchimiro chehupfu, paste, waya kana sheet. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, maplate ecomposite anosungirirwa ane aluminum secore uye aluminum silicon solder secladding anoshandiswa. Rudzi urwu rweplate composite inosungirirwa inogadzirwa nenzira ye hydraulic uye inowanzoshandiswa sechikamu chezvikamu zvebrazing. Munguva yebrazing, simbi yebrazing filler iri paplate yecomposite inonyunguduka uye inoyerera pasi pesimba re capillary negravity kuti izadze nzvimbo yejointi.

(2) Gasi rinoputika uye rinochengetedza simbi yealuminium nealuminium alloy brazing, flux chaiyo inowanzo shandiswa kubvisa firimu. Organic flux yakavakirwa patriethanolamine, yakadai se fs204, inoshandiswa ne solder yakapfava ine tembiricha yakaderera. Chinhu chakanaka che flux iyi ndechekuti haina ngura yakawanda pasimbi yekutanga, asi ichaburitsa gasi rakawanda, izvo zvinokanganisa kunyorova uye caulking ye solder. Reactive flux yakavakirwa pa zinc chloride, yakadai se fs203 ne fs220a, inoshandiswa ne solder yakapfava ine tembiricha yepakati uye tembiricha yepamusoro. Reactive flux inoparadza zvakanyanya, uye zvasara zvayo zvinofanira kubviswa mushure mekuputira.

Parizvino, kuputira kwealuminium nealuminium alloys kuchiri kudzorwa nekubvisa flux film. Kuputira kunoshandiswa kunosanganisira chloride based flux nefluoride based flux. Chloride based flux ine simba rakasimba rekubvisa oxide film uye fluidity yakanaka, asi ine simba guru rekuparadza pabase metal. Zvasara zvayo zvinofanira kubviswa zvachose mushure mekuputira. Fluoride based flux imhando itsva yeflux, ine simba rakanaka rekubvisa firimu uye haina ngura kubase metal. Zvisinei, ine poindi yepamusoro yekunyunguduka uye kusagadzikana kwekupisa, uye inogona kushandiswa chete nealuminium silicon solder.

Pakushongedza aruminiyamu nearuminiyamu, mhepo inotonhorera, isina kusimba kana isina simba inowanzo shandiswa. Pakushongedza aruminiyamu, chiyero chevacuum chinowanzo svika pa10-3pa. Kana gasi renitrogen kana argon richishandiswa kudzivirira, kuchena kwaro kunofanira kunge kwakakwira zvakanyanya, uye dova rinofanira kunge rakaderera pane -40 ℃.

3. Tekinoroji yekuisa mabrazing

Kuisa masimbi ealuminium nearuminiyamu kune zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakucheneswa kwenzvimbo yebasa. Kuti zvive zvemhando yepamusoro, firimu remafuta neokisijeni riri pamusoro rinofanira kubviswa usati waisa masimbi. Bvisai mafuta neNa2CO3 aqueous solution patembiricha ye60 ~ 70 ℃ kwemaminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi, mozosuka nemvura yakachena; Firimu reokisijeni riri pamusoro rinogona kubviswa nekuchekwa neNaOH aqueous solution patembiricha ye20 ~ 40 ℃ kwemaminitsi maviri kusvika mana, mozogezwa nemvura inopisa; Mushure mekubvisa mafuta neokisijeni firimu pamusoro, workpiece inofanira kunatswa neHNO3 aqueous solution kuti ipenye kwemaminitsi maviri kusvika mashanu, yozocheneswa mumvura inoyerera yozoomeswa pakupedzisira. Workpiece yakagadziriswa nenzira idzi haifanirwe kubatwa kana kusvibiswa nedzimwe tsvina, uye inofanira kuisirwa mukati memaawa matanhatu kusvika masere. Zviri nani kuisirwa masimbi nekukasika kana zvichibvira.

Nzira dzekubatidza dzearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu dzinosanganisira kubatidza moto, kubatidza simbi inosonererwa uye kubatidza furnace. Nzira idzi dzinowanzo shandisa kubatidza mukubiridzira, uye dzine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakupisa uye nguva yekubata. Munguva yekubatidza moto nekubiridzira simbi inosonererwa, dzivisa kupisa kubatidza zvakananga kubva pakupisa kudzivirira kupisa uye kukundikana. Sezvo aruminiyamu ichigona kunyungudutswa mu solder yakapfava ine zinc yakawanda, kupisa kunofanira kumiswa kana jointi yagadzirwa kudzivirira ngura yesimbi yepasi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubatidza kwearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu dzimwe nguva hakushandisi kubatidza, asi kunoshandisa nzira dze ultrasonic kana dzekukwenya kubvisa firimu. Paunenge uchishandisa kukwenya kubvisa firimu rekubiridzira, tanga wapisa workpiece kusvika pakupisa kwekubiridzira, wobva wakwenya chikamu che workpiece nekuguma kwetsvimbo yekukwenya (kana chishandiso chekukwenya). Paunenge uchipwanya firimu re oxide repamusoro, mugumo we solder uchanyunguduka wonyorovesa simbi yepasi.

Nzira dzekushandisa simbi dzealuminium nearuminiyamu dzinosanganisira simbi dzemoto, simbi dzemoto, simbi dzedhipu, simbi dzevacuum uye simbi dzakadzivirirwa negasi. Simba remoto rinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvidiki uye kugadzira chinhu chimwe chete. Kuti mvura isashande zvakanaka nekuda kwekubatana kwetsvina iri muacetylene nesimbi dzinoyerera pakushandisa moto weoxyacetylene, zvakakodzera kushandisa moto wemhepo wakamanikidzwa nepeturu nekudzikira zvishoma kudzivirira oxidation yesimbi yepasi. Panguva yesimbi chaiyo, simbi dzinoyerera nesimbi dzinozadza zvinogona kuiswa panzvimbo yakarukwa pachine nguva uye zvinopiswa panguva imwe chete nesimbi; Basa rinogonawo kupiswa kusvika pakupisa kwesimbi dzinoyerera, uye solder yakanyikwa nesimbi dzinoyerera inogona kutumirwa panzvimbo yakarukwa; Mushure mekunge simbi dzinoyerera nesimbi dzinozadza zvanyungudutswa, moto wekupisa unofanira kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekunge simbi inozadza zvakaenzana.

Pakuputira aruminiyamu nearuminiyamu muchoto chemhepo, simbi yekuzadza simbi inofanira kugadzirirwa kare, uye flux yekuzadza inofanira kunyungudutswa mumvura yakasanganiswa kuti igadzire mhinduro yakakora ine huwandu hwe50% ~ 75%, uye yozoputirwa kana kupfapfaidzwa pamusoro pechifukidziro. Huwandu hwakakodzera hweflux yekuzadza hunogonawo kuputirwa pamusoro pesimbi yekuzadza simbi nepachifukidziro, uye weldment yakaunganidzwa inofanira kuiswa muchoto kuti ipisire brazing. Kuti simbi yekutanga isapise zvakanyanya kana kutonyunguduka, tembiricha yekupisa inofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba.

Chinosungirirwa nependi kana foil chinowanzo shandiswa pakudip brazing yearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu. Chishandiso chakabatanidzwa chinofanira kupiswa chisati chasvika kuti tembiricha yacho ive pedyo netembiricha yebrazing, uye chobva chanyudzwa mubrazing flux yebrazing. Munguva yekubatidza, tembiricha yebrazing nenguva yekubatidza inofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba. Kana tembiricha yakanyanya, simbi yebase iri nyore kunyungudika uye solder iri nyore kurasika; Kana tembiricha yakaderera, solder haina kunyungudika zvakakwana, uye mwero webrazing unoderera. Tembiricha yebrazing inofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nerudzi nehukuru hwesimbi yebase, chimiro nenzvimbo yekunyungudika yesimbi yefiller, uye kazhinji iri pakati petembiricha yeliquidus yesimbi yefiller netembiricha yesolidus yesimbi yebase. Nguva yekunyikwa kwechishandiso mu flux bath inofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti solder inogona kunyungudika zvizere uye kuyerera, uye nguva yekutsigira haifanirwe kuve yakareba zvakanyanya. Zvikasadaro, chinhu chesilicon chiri musolder chinogona kupararira musimbi yebase, zvichiita kuti simbi yebase iri pedyo nemusono iite brittle.

Mukushandisa vacuum brazing yearuminiyamu nearuminiyamu, simbi dzinoshanda dzinoita kuti simbi ishande dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa firimu repamusoro rearuminiyamu uye kuona kuti solder inonyoroveswa uye inopararira. Magnesium inogona kushandiswa zvakananga pabasa muchimiro chezvidimbu, kana kuiswa munzvimbo yebrazing muchimiro chesteam, kana magnesium inogona kuwedzerwa kune aruminiyamu silicon solder sechinhu chealloy. Kune basa rine chimiro chakaoma, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti magnesium vapor iri kushanda zvakanaka pasimbi yepasi uye kuvandudza kunaka kwebrazing, matanho ekudzivirira emunharaunda anowanzo torwa, kureva kuti, basa rinotanga raiswa mubhokisi resimbi risingatsvedzeri (rinozivikanwa sebhokisi rekugadzirisa), uye rozoiswa muchoto chevacuum chekupisa brazing. Vacuum Brazed Aruminiyamu nearuminiyamu alloy majoini ane pamusoro wakatsetseka uye majoini akakora, uye haadi kucheneswa mushure mebrazing; Zvisinei, michina yekubvisa vacuum brazing inodhura, uye magnesium vapor inosvibisa choto zvakanyanya, saka inoda kucheneswa uye kuchengetwa nguva nenguva.

Pakushongedza aruminiyamu nearuminiyamu munzvimbo isina kusimba kana kuti isina simba, magnesium activator kana flux zvinogona kushandiswa kubvisa firimu. Kana magnesium activator ichishandiswa kubvisa firimu, huwandu hwemagnesium hunodiwa hwakaderera zvikuru pane hwevacuum brazing. Kazhinji, w (mg) inenge 0.2% ~ 0.5%. Kana huwandu hwemagnesium hwakwira, mhando yejointi inodzikira. Nzira yeNOCOLOK brazing inoshandisa fluoride flux uye nitrogen dziviriro inzira itsva yakagadzirwa nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura. Sezvo zvakasara zvefluoride flux zvisingatore hunyoro uye zvisingakanganisi aluminium, maitiro ekubvisa flux residue mushure mekushongedza anogona kusiiwa. Pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwenitrogen, fluoride flux shoma chete ndiyo inofanirwa kuputirwa, filler metal inogona kunyorovesa base metal zvakanaka, uye zviri nyore kuwana brazed joints dzemhando yepamusoro. Parizvino, iyi NOCOLOK brazing method yakashandiswa mukugadzira aluminium radiator nezvimwe zvikamu.

Kana paine aruminiyamu nearuminiyamu zvakaputirwa neflux isiri fluoride flux, flux residue inofanira kubviswa zvachose mushure mekuputirwa. Zvasara zve organic brazing flux yearuminiyamu zvinogona kusukwa ne organic solutions dzakadai se methanol ne trichloroethylene, zvogadziriswa ne sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, uye pakupedzisira zvocheneswa nemvura inopisa neinotonhora. Chloride ndiyo yasara ye brazing flux yearuminiyamu, iyo inogona kubviswa zvichienderana nenzira dzinotevera; Kutanga, nyika mumvura inopisa pa60 ~ 80 ℃ kwemaminitsi gumi, chenesa zvasara zviri pa brazed joint nebhurashi, wozvichenesa nemvura inotonhora; Wozonyika mu 15% nitric acid aqueous solution kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, wozoishambidza nemvura inotonhora.